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qindongliang1922：
粟谷_sugu 写道不太理解“分词字段存储docvalue是没 ...
浅谈Lucene中的DocValues -
粟谷_sugu：
不太理解“分词字段存储docvalue是没有意义的”，这句话， ...
浅谈Lucene中的DocValues -
yin_bp：
高性能elasticsearch ORM开发库使用文档http ...
为什么说Elasticsearch搜索是近实时的？ -
hackWang：
请问博主,有用solr做电商的搜索项目?
Solr中Group和Facet的用法 -
章司nana：
遇到的问题同楼上 为什么会返回null
Lucene4.3开发之第八步之渡劫初期(八)
本篇主要写关于Linux的文件系统的管理，在使用linux时，我们需要决定我们的系统的存储设备用什么文件系统，安装linux发行版时，会提供一个默认的文件系统，散仙在虚拟机里面安装的系统，一般都是ext4的系统作为默认的系统。
linux提供了一些不同的工具，可以让命令行下操作文件系统更方便，我们可以通过shell命令来轻松的创建新的系统和修改已有的文件系统。
1，创建一个分区来容纳文件系统，使用命令fdisk /dev/sdc
2，创建文件系统sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc
3， 挂载虚拟目录sudo monut -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/test
上面的部分，在实际开发中，很少用到，一般会由运维人员给我们做这些底层工作，所以散仙就简单说下
下面重点介绍下，在linux中如何安装软件程序，yum是red hat系列操作系统中的神器，使用它我们很轻松的安装很多软件。
1，找出系统上已经安装的包 命令：yum list installed
2，如果输出的信息太多，我们可以重定向到一个文件中，命令如下：
yun list installed >> installed_software.txt
3,查看某个特定软件包的信息使用命令，和验证是否安装：
yum list 软件包名
yum list installed 软件包名
如果需要找什么软件包提供了系统上的某个文件，yum命令如下：
yum安装软件命令 yum install 软件包名(支持通配)
使用yum手动安装rpm文件包，yum命令如下：
yum localinstall 软件包名.rpm即可
yum更新软件：
1，查看所有需要更新的内容 命令：yum list updates
如果你发现某个软件包需要更新，执行命令：
yum update 软件包名
更新所有的命令
yum update
yum卸载软件，命令如下：
yum remove 软件包名
要删除软件和它所有的文件命令：
yum erase 软件包名
如果包的依赖关系损坏了，先执行yum clean all，然后执行
yum update ，如果还不行，可以试试下面的这个命令：
yum deplist 软件包名 查看依赖关系后，我们就可以安装它依赖的关系。
查看我的yum的仓库命令：
yum repolist
linux提供了一些不同的工具，可以让命令行下操作文件系统更方便，我们可以通过shell命令来轻松的创建新的系统和修改已有的文件系统。
1，创建一个分区来容纳文件系统，使用命令fdisk /dev/sdc
2，创建文件系统sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc
3， 挂载虚拟目录sudo monut -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/test
上面的部分，在实际开发中，很少用到，一般会由运维人员给我们做这些底层工作，所以散仙就简单说下
下面重点介绍下，在linux中如何安装软件程序，yum是red hat系列操作系统中的神器，使用它我们很轻松的安装很多软件。
1，找出系统上已经安装的包 命令：yum list installed
[root@h1 ~]# yum list installed Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.yun-idc.com * updates: mirrors.btte.net base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:01 Installed Packages MAKEDEV.x86_64 3.24-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 acl.x86_64 2.2.49-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 attr.x86_64 2.4.44-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 audit.x86_64 2.2-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 audit-libs.x86_64 2.2-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 authconfig.x86_64 6.1.12-13.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 b43-openfwwf.noarch 5.2-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 basesystem.noarch 10.0-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 bash.x86_64 4.1.2-15.el6_4 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 binutils.x86_64 2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 bridge-utils.x86_64 1.2-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 bzip2.x86_64 1.0.5-7.el6_0 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 bzip2-libs.x86_64 1.0.5-7.el6_0 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 ca-certificates.noarch 2013.1.94-65.0.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 centos-release.x86_64 6-5.el6.centos.11.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 checkpolicy.x86_64 2.0.22-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 chkconfig.x86_64 1.3.49.3-2.el6_4.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 coreutils.x86_64 8.4-31.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 coreutils-libs.x86_64 8.4-31.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 cpio.x86_64 2.10-11.el6_3 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 cracklib.x86_64 2.8.16-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 cracklib-dicts.x86_64 2.8.16-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 cronie.x86_64 1.4.4-12.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 cronie-anacron.x86_64 1.4.4-12.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 crontabs.noarch 1.10-33.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 cryptsetup-luks.x86_64 1.2.0-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 cryptsetup-luks-libs.x86_64 1.2.0-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 curl.x86_64 7.19.7-37.el6_4 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 cyrus-sasl.x86_64 2.1.23-13.el6_3.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64 2.1.23-13.el6_3.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 dash.x86_64 0.5.5.1-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 db4.x86_64 4.7.25-18.el6_4 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 db4-utils.x86_64 4.7.25-18.el6_4 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 dbus-glib.x86_64 0.86-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 dbus-libs.x86_64 1:1.2.24-7.el6_3 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 device-mapper.x86_64 1.02.79-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 device-mapper-event.x86_64 1.02.79-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 1.02.79-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 device-mapper-libs.x86_64 1.02.79-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 device-mapper-multipath.x86_64 0.4.9-72.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 device-mapper-multipath-libs.x86_64 0.4.9-72.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0.2.8-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 dhclient.x86_64 12:4.1.1-38.P1.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.1.1-38.P1.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 diffutils.x86_64 2.8.1-28.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 dos2unix.x86_64 3.1-37.el6 @base dracut.noarch 004-335.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 dracut-kernel.noarch 004-335.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 e2fsprogs.x86_64 1.41.12-18.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 1.41.12-18.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 efibootmgr.x86_64 0.5.4-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0.152-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 ethtool.x86_64 2:3.5-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 expat.x86_64 2.0.1-11.el6_2 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 file.x86_64 5.04-15.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 file-libs.x86_64 5.04-15.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 filesystem.x86_64 2.4.30-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 findutils.x86_64 1:4.4.2-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 fipscheck.x86_64 1.2.0-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 fipscheck-lib.x86_64 1.2.0-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 fuse.x86_64 2.8.3-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 gamin.x86_64 0.1.10-9.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 gawk.x86_64 3.1.7-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 gdbm.x86_64 1.8.0-36.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 git.x86_64 1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 @base glib2.x86_64 2.26.1-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 glibc-common.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 gmp.x86_64 4.3.1-7.el6_2.2 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 gnupg2.x86_64 2.0.14-6.el6_4 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 gpgme.x86_64 1.1.8-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 gpm-libs.x86_64 1.20.6-12.el6 @base grep.x86_64 2.6.3-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 groff.x86_64 1.18.1.4-21.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 grub.x86_64 1:0.97-83.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 grubby.x86_64 7.0.15-5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 gzip.x86_64 1.3.12-19.el6_4 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 hwdata.noarch 0.233-9.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 info.x86_64 4.13a-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 initscripts.x86_64 9.03.40-2.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 iproute.x86_64 2.6.32-31.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 iptables.x86_64 1.4.7-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 iptables-ipv6.x86_64 1.4.7-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 iputils.x86_64 20071127-17.el6_4.2 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64 6.2.0.873-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 kbd.x86_64 1.15-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 kbd-misc.noarch 1.15-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 kernel.x86_64 2.6.32-431.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 kernel-firmware.noarch 2.6.32-431.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 keyutils-libs.x86_64 1.4-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 kpartx.x86_64 0.4.9-72.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 krb5-libs.x86_64 1.10.3-10.el6_4.6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 less.x86_64 436-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libacl.x86_64 2.2.49-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libaio.x86_64 0.3.107-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libattr.x86_64 2.4.44-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libblkid.x86_64 2.17.2-12.14.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libcap.x86_64 2.16-5.5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libcap-ng.x86_64 0.6.4-3.el6_0.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libcom_err.x86_64 1.41.12-18.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libcurl.x86_64 7.19.7-37.el6_4 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libdrm.x86_64 2.4.45-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libedit.x86_64 2.11-4.20080712cvs.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libffi.x86_64 3.0.5-3.2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libgcc.x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libgcrypt.x86_64 1.4.5-11.el6_4 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libgpg-error.x86_64 1.7-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libidn.x86_64 1.18-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libnih.x86_64 1.0.1-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libpciaccess.x86_64 0.13.1-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libselinux.x86_64 2.0.94-5.3.el6_4.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libselinux-utils.x86_64 2.0.94-5.3.el6_4.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libsemanage.x86_64 2.0.43-4.2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libsepol.x86_64 2.0.41-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libss.x86_64 1.41.12-18.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libssh2.x86_64 1.4.2-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libstdc++.x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libtasn1.x86_64 2.3-3.el6_2.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libudev.x86_64 147-2.51.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libusb.x86_64 0.1.12-23.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libuser.x86_64 0.56.13-5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libutempter.x86_64 1.1.5-4.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libuuid.x86_64 2.17.2-12.14.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 libxml2.x86_64 2.7.6-14.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 logrotate.x86_64 3.7.8-17.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 lsscsi.x86_64 0.23-2.el6 @base lua.x86_64 5.1.4-4.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 lvm2.x86_64 2.02.100-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 lvm2-libs.x86_64 2.02.100-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 m4.x86_64 1.4.13-5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 make.x86_64 1:3.81-20.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 man.x86_64 1.6f-32.el6 @base man-pages.noarch 3.22-20.el6 @base man-pages-cs.noarch 0.18.20090209-2.1.el6 @base man-pages-es.noarch 1.55-14.el6 @base man-pages-es-extra.noarch 1.55-14.el6 @base man-pages-fr.noarch 3.23-10.el6 @base man-pages-it.noarch 2.80-6.el6 @base man-pages-ja.noarch 20100115-6.el6 @base man-pages-ko.noarch 2:20050219-17.el6 @base man-pages-overrides.noarch 6.5.3-1.el6_5 @updates man-pages-pl.noarch 0.24-8.1.el6 @base man-pages-ru.noarch 0.97-9.el6 @base man-pages-uk.noarch 0.1-0.11.20071108.el6 @base mdadm.x86_64 3.2.6-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 mingetty.x86_64 1.08-5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 module-init-tools.x86_64 3.9-21.el6_4 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 @updates mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 @updates mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 @updates ncurses.x86_64 5.7-3.20090208.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 ncurses-base.x86_64 5.7-3.20090208.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 ncurses-libs.x86_64 5.7-3.20090208.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 net-tools.x86_64 1.60-110.el6_2 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 newt.x86_64 0.52.11-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 newt-python.x86_64 0.52.11-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 nspr.x86_64 4.10.0-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 nss.x86_64 3.15.1-15.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 nss-softokn.x86_64 3.14.3-9.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 3.14.3-9.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 nss-sysinit.x86_64 3.15.1-15.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 nss-tools.x86_64 3.15.1-15.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 nss-util.x86_64 3.15.1-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 openldap.x86_64 2.4.23-32.el6_4.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 openssh.x86_64 5.3p1-94.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 openssh-clients.x86_64 5.3p1-94.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 openssh-server.x86_64 5.3p1-94.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 openssl.x86_64 1.0.1e-15.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 p11-kit.x86_64 0.18.5-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 p11-kit-trust.x86_64 0.18.5-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 pam.x86_64 1.1.1-17.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 passwd.x86_64 0.77-4.el6_2.2 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 pciutils-libs.x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 pcre.x86_64 7.8-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 perl.x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6 @base perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 4.013-3.el6 @base perl-DBI.x86_64 1.609-4.el6 @base perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 @base perl-Git.noarch 1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 @base perl-Module-Pluggable.x86_64 1:3.90-136.el6 @base perl-Pod-Escapes.x86_64 1:1.04-136.el6 @base perl-Pod-Simple.x86_64 1:3.13-136.el6 @base perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6 @base perl-version.x86_64 3:0.77-136.el6 @base pinentry.x86_64 0.7.6-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 pkgconfig.x86_64 1:0.23-9.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 plymouth.x86_64 0.8.3-27.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 plymouth-core-libs.x86_64 0.8.3-27.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 plymouth-scripts.x86_64 0.8.3-27.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 policycoreutils.x86_64 2.0.83-19.39.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 popt.x86_64 1.13-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 procps.x86_64 3.2.8-25.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 psmisc.x86_64 22.6-15.el6_0.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 pth.x86_64 2.0.7-9.3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 pygpgme.x86_64 0.1-18.20090824bzr68.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 python.x86_64 2.6.6-51.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 python-iniparse.noarch 0.3.1-2.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 python-libs.x86_64 2.6.6-51.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 python-pycurl.x86_64 7.19.0-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 python-urlgrabber.noarch 3.9.1-9.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 readline.x86_64 6.0-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 redhat-logos.noarch 60.0.14-12.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 rootfiles.noarch 8.1-6.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 rpm.x86_64 4.8.0-37.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 rpm-libs.x86_64 4.8.0-37.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 rpm-python.x86_64 4.8.0-37.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 rsync.x86_64 3.0.6-9.el6_4.1 @base rsyslog.x86_64 5.8.10-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 sed.x86_64 4.2.1-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 selinux-policy.noarch 3.7.19-231.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 3.7.19-231.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 setup.noarch 2.8.14-20.el6_4.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 shadow-utils.x86_64 2:4.1.4.2-13.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 shared-mime-info.x86_64 0.70-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 slang.x86_64 2.2.1-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 sqlite.x86_64 3.6.20-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 sudo.x86_64 1.8.6p3-12.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 system-config-firewall-base.noarch 1.2.27-5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 sysvinit-tools.x86_64 2.87-5.dsf.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 tar.x86_64 2:1.23-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 tcp_wrappers-libs.x86_64 7.6-57.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 tzdata.noarch 2013g-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 udev.x86_64 147-2.51.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 upstart.x86_64 0.6.5-12.el6_4.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 ustr.x86_64 1.0.4-9.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 util-linux-ng.x86_64 2.17.2-12.14.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 vim-common.x86_64 2:7.2.411-1.8.el6 @base vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.2.411-1.8.el6 @base vim-minimal.x86_64 2:7.2.411-1.8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 which.x86_64 2.19-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 xfsprogs.x86_64 3.1.1-14.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 xz.x86_64 4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6 @base xz-libs.x86_64 4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 xz-lzma-compat.x86_64 4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6 @base yum.noarch 3.2.29-40.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 yum-metadata-parser.x86_64 1.1.2-16.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 yum-plugin-fastestmirror.noarch 1.1.30-14.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 zlib.x86_64 1.2.3-29.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 [root@h1 ~]#
2，如果输出的信息太多，我们可以重定向到一个文件中，命令如下：
yun list installed >> installed_software.txt
3,查看某个特定软件包的信息使用命令，和验证是否安装：
yum list 软件包名
yum list installed 软件包名
[root@h1 ~]# yum list mysql Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.yun-idc.com * updates: mirrors.btte.net Installed Packages mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 @updates [root@h1 ~]# yum list installed mysql Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.yun-idc.com * updates: mirrors.btte.net Installed Packages mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 @updates [root@h1 ~]#
如果需要找什么软件包提供了系统上的某个文件，yum命令如下：
[root@h1 ~]# yum provides /etc/yum.conf Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.yun-idc.com * updates: mirrors.btte.net yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch : RPM package installer/updater/manager Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /etc/yum.conf yum-3.2.29-43.el6.centos.noarch : RPM package installer/updater/manager Repo : updates Matched from: Filename : /etc/yum.conf yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch : RPM package installer/updater/manager Repo : installed Matched from: Other : Provides-match: /etc/yum.conf [root@h1 ~]# yum provides /etc/passwd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.yun-idc.com * updates: mirrors.btte.net setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /etc/passwd setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files Repo : installed Matched from: Other : Provides-match: /etc/passwd [root@h1 ~]# yum provides /var/ Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.yun-idc.com * updates: mirrors.btte.net base/filelists_db | 5.9 MB 01:23 extras/filelists_db | 11 kB 00:00 updates/filelists_db | 2.7 MB 00:01 filesystem-2.4.30-3.el6.x86_64 : The basic directory layout for a Linux system Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /var/ filesystem-2.4.30-3.el6.x86_64 : The basic directory layout for a Linux system Repo : installed Matched from: Other : Provides-match: /var/ [root@h1 ~]#
yum安装软件命令 yum install 软件包名(支持通配)
[root@h1 ~]# yum install wget Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.yun-idc.com * updates: mirrors.btte.net Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package wget.x86_64 0:1.12-1.11.el6_5 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: wget x86_64 1.12-1.11.el6_5 updates 483 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 483 k Installed size: 1.8 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: wget-1.12-1.11.el6_5.x86_64.rpm | 483 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : wget-1.12-1.11.el6_5.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : wget-1.12-1.11.el6_5.x86_64 1/1 Installed: wget.x86_64 0:1.12-1.11.el6_5 Complete! [root@h1 ~]#
使用yum手动安装rpm文件包，yum命令如下：
yum localinstall 软件包名.rpm即可
yum更新软件：
1，查看所有需要更新的内容 命令：yum list updates
[root@h1 ~]# yum list updates Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.yun-idc.com * updates: mirrors.btte.net Updated Packages audit.x86_64 2.2-4.el6_5 updates audit-libs.x86_64 2.2-4.el6_5 updates ca-certificates.noarch 2014.1.98-65.0.el6_5 updates centos-release.x86_64 6-5.el6.centos.11.2 updates coreutils.x86_64 8.4-31.el6_5.2 updates coreutils-libs.x86_64 8.4-31.el6_5.2 updates curl.x86_64 7.19.7-37.el6_5.3 updates device-mapper-multipath.x86_64 0.4.9-72.el6_5.3 updates device-mapper-multipath-libs.x86_64 0.4.9-72.el6_5.3 updates device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0.2.8-4.el6_5 updates dracut.noarch 004-336.el6_5.2 updates dracut-kernel.noarch 004-336.el6_5.2 updates e2fsprogs.x86_64 1.41.12-18.el6_5.1 updates e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 1.41.12-18.el6_5.1 updates ethtool.x86_64 2:3.5-1.4.el6_5 updates glib2.x86_64 2.26.1-7.el6_5 updates glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6_5.2 updates glibc-common.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6_5.2 updates grep.x86_64 2.6.3-4.el6_5.1 updates grub.x86_64 1:0.97-84.el6_5 updates initscripts.x86_64 9.03.40-2.el6.centos.3 updates iproute.x86_64 2.6.32-32.el6_5 updates kernel.x86_64 2.6.32-431.23.3.el6 updates kernel-firmware.noarch 2.6.32-431.23.3.el6 updates kpartx.x86_64 0.4.9-72.el6_5.3 updates krb5-libs.x86_64 1.10.3-15.el6_5.1 updates libblkid.x86_64 2.17.2-12.14.el6_5 updates libcom_err.x86_64 1.41.12-18.el6_5.1 updates libcurl.x86_64 7.19.7-37.el6_5.3 updates libss.x86_64 1.41.12-18.el6_5.1 updates libtasn1.x86_64 2.3-6.el6_5 updates libuuid.x86_64 2.17.2-12.14.el6_5 updates libxml2.x86_64 2.7.6-14.el6_5.2 updates mdadm.x86_64 3.2.6-7.el6_5.2 updates nspr.x86_64 4.10.6-1.el6_5 updates nss.x86_64 3.16.1-4.el6_5 updates nss-softokn.x86_64 3.14.3-10.el6_5 updates nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 3.14.3-10.el6_5 updates nss-sysinit.x86_64 3.16.1-4.el6_5 updates nss-tools.x86_64 3.16.1-4.el6_5 updates nss-util.x86_64 3.16.1-1.el6_5 updates openldap.x86_64 2.4.23-34.el6_5.1 updates openssl.x86_64 1.0.1e-16.el6_5.14 updates p11-kit.x86_64 0.18.5-2.el6_5.2 updates p11-kit-trust.x86_64 0.18.5-2.el6_5.2 updates postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-6.el6_5 updates psmisc.x86_64 22.6-19.el6_5 updates python.x86_64 2.6.6-52.el6 updates python-libs.x86_64 2.6.6-52.el6 updates selinux-policy.noarch 3.7.19-231.el6_5.3 updates selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 3.7.19-231.el6_5.3 updates tzdata.noarch 2014e-1.el6 updates upstart.x86_64 0.6.5-13.el6_5.3 updates util-linux-ng.x86_64 2.17.2-12.14.el6_5 updates yum.noarch 3.2.29-43.el6.centos updates yum-plugin-fastestmirror.noarch 1.1.30-17.el6_5 updates [root@h1 ~]#
如果你发现某个软件包需要更新，执行命令：
yum update 软件包名
更新所有的命令
yum update
yum卸载软件，命令如下：
yum remove 软件包名
要删除软件和它所有的文件命令：
yum erase 软件包名
如果包的依赖关系损坏了，先执行yum clean all，然后执行
yum update ，如果还不行，可以试试下面的这个命令：
yum deplist 软件包名 查看依赖关系后，我们就可以安装它依赖的关系。
查看我的yum的仓库命令：
yum repolist
[root@h1 ~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.yun-idc.com * updates: mirrors.btte.net repo id repo name status base CentOS-6 - Base 6,367 extras CentOS-6 - Extras 14 updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,251 repolist: 7,632
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主要给大家介绍了关于shell中长命令的换行处理方法，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家学习或者使用shell具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面来一起学习学习吧
详细记录了vxworks的shell命令，对于初学vxworks的是极好的资料
Shell命令大全 学习Linux下shell编程的必备手册，带书签
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C执行shell命令，并获取结果
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Linux下Shell命令解释器，一、 实现功能： 要求实现一个简单的命令解释器，也就是linux中的shell程序，在本程序中我们将其起名为mysh，要求： 1、 能够执行外部程序命令，命令可以带参数； 2、 能够执行fg、bg、cd、...
linux 新手必备，shell命令豪华版，提供所有linux之下的编程命令。